`cle` — Binary Loader

CLE is an extensible binary loader. Its main goal is to take an executable program and any libraries it depends on and produce an address space where that program is loaded and ready to run.

The primary interface to CLE is the Loader class.

Loading Interface

class cle.loader.Loader(main_binary, auto_load_libs=True, concrete_target=None, force_load_libs=(), skip_libs=(), main_opts=None, lib_opts=None, ld_path=(), use_system_libs=True, ignore_import_version_numbers=True, case_insensitive=False, rebase_granularity=1048576, except_missing_libs=False, aslr=False, perform_relocations=True, load_debug_info=False, page_size=1, preload_libs=(), arch=None)

Bases: object

The loader loads all the objects and exports an abstraction of the memory of the process. What you see here is an address space with loaded and rebased binaries.

Parameters: main_binary – The path to the main binary you’re loading, or a file-like object with the binary in it.

The following parameters are optional.

Parameters

auto_load_libs – Whether to automatically load shared libraries that loaded objects depend on.
load_debug_info – Whether to automatically parse DWARF data and search for debug symbol files.
concrete_target – Whether to instantiate a concrete target for a concrete execution of the process. if this is the case we will need to instantiate a SimConcreteEngine that wraps the ConcreteTarget provided by the user.
force_load_libs – A list of libraries to load regardless of if they’re required by a loaded object.
skip_libs – A list of libraries to never load, even if they’re required by a loaded object.
main_opts – A dictionary of options to be used loading the main binary.
lib_opts – A dictionary mapping library names to the dictionaries of options to be used when loading them.
ld_path – A list of paths in which we can search for shared libraries.
use_system_libs – Whether or not to search the system load path for requested libraries. Default True.
ignore_import_version_numbers – Whether libraries with different version numbers in the filename will be considered equivalent, for example libc.so.6 and libc.so.0
case_insensitive – If this is set to True, filesystem loads will be done case-insensitively regardless of the case-sensitivity of the underlying filesystem.
rebase_granularity – The alignment to use for rebasing shared objects
except_missing_libs – Throw an exception when a shared library can’t be found.
aslr – Load libraries in symbolic address space. Do not use this option.
page_size – The granularity with which data is mapped into memory. Set to 0x1000 if you are working in an environment where data will always be memory mapped in a page-graunlar way.
preload_libs – Similar to force_load_libs but will provide for symbol resolution, with precedence over any dependencies.

Variables

memory (cle.memory.Clemory) – The loaded, rebased, and relocated memory of the program.
main_object – The object representing the main binary (i.e., the executable).
shared_objects – A dictionary mapping loaded library names to the objects representing them.
all_objects – A list containing representations of all the different objects loaded.
requested_names – A set containing the names of all the different shared libraries that were marked as a dependency by somebody.
initial_load_objects – A list of all the objects that were loaded as a result of the initial load request.

When reference is made to a dictionary of options, it requires a dictionary with zero or more of the following keys:

backend : “elf”, “pe”, “mach-o”, “blob” : which loader backend to use
arch : The archinfo.Arch object to use for the binary
base_addr : The address to rebase the object at
entry_point : The entry point to use for the object

More keys are defined on a per-backend basis.

memory: Optional[Clemory]

main_object: Optional[Backend]

tls: Optional[ThreadManager]

close()

property max_addr: The maximum address loaded as part of any loaded object (i.e., the whole address space).

property min_addr: The minimum address loaded as part of any loaded object (i.e., the whole address space).

property initializers: Return a list of all the initializers that should be run before execution reaches the entry point, in the order they should be run.

property finalizers: Return a list of all the finalizers that should be run before the program exits. I’m not sure what order they should be run in.

property linux_loader_object: If the linux dynamic loader is present in memory, return it

property elfcore_object: If a corefile was loaded, this returns the actual core object instead of the main binary

property extern_object

Return the extern object used to provide addresses to unresolved symbols and angr internals.

Accessing this property will load this object into memory if it was not previously present.

proposed model for how multiple extern objects should work:

extern objects are a linked list. the one in loader._extern_object is the head of the list

each round of explicit loads generates a new extern object if it has unresolved dependencies. this object has exactly the size necessary to hold all its exports.

All requests for size are passed down the chain until they reach an object which has the space to service it or an object which has not yet been mapped. If all objects have been mapped and are full, a new extern object is mapped with a fixed size.

property kernel_object: KernelObject

Return the object used to provide addresses to syscalls.

Accessing this property will load this object into memory if it was not previously present.

property all_elf_objects: Return a list of every object that was loaded from an ELF file.

property all_pe_objects: Return a list of every object that was loaded from an ELF file.

property missing_dependencies: Return a set of every name that was requested as a shared object dependency but could not be loaded

property auto_load_libs

describe_addr(addr) → str: Returns a textual description of what’s in memory at the provided address

find_object(spec, extra_objects=()): If the given library specification has been loaded, return its object, otherwise return None.

find_object_containing(addr, membership_check=True)

Return the object that contains the given address, or None if the address is unmapped.

Parameters

addr (int) – The address that should be contained in the object.
membership_check (bool) – Whether a membership check should be performed or not (True by default). This option can be set to False if you are certain that the target object does not have “holes”.

Returns

The object or None.

find_segment_containing(addr, skip_pseudo_objects=True)

Find the section object that the address belongs to.

Parameters

addr (int) – The address to test
skip_pseudo_objects (bool) – Skip objects that CLE adds during loading.

Returns

The section that the address belongs to, or None if the address does not belong to any section, or if section information is not available.

Return type

cle.Segment

find_section_containing(addr, skip_pseudo_objects=True)

Find the section object that the address belongs to.

Parameters

addr (int) – The address to test.
skip_pseudo_objects (bool) – Skip objects that CLE adds during loading.

Returns

The section that the address belongs to, or None if the address does not belong to any section, or if section information is not available.

Return type

cle.Section

find_loadable_containing(addr, skip_pseudo_objects=True)

Find the section or segment object the address belongs to. Sections will only be used if the corresponding object does not have segments.

Parameters

addr – The address to test
skip_pseudo_objects – Skip objects that CLE adds during loading.

Returns

The section or segment that the address belongs to, or None if the address does not belong to any section or segment.

find_section_next_to(addr, skip_pseudo_objects=True)

Find the next section after the given address.

Parameters

addr (int) – The address to test.
skip_pseudo_objects (bool) – Skip objects that CLE adds during loading.

Returns

The next section that goes after the given address, or None if there is no section after the address, or if section information is not available.

Return type

cle.Section

find_symbol(thing, fuzzy=False)

Search for the symbol with the given name or address.

Parameters

thing – Either the name or address of a symbol to look up
fuzzy – Set to True to return the first symbol before or at the given address

Returns

A cle.backends.Symbol object if found, None otherwise.

property symbols

find_all_symbols(name, exclude_imports=True, exclude_externs=False, exclude_forwards=True)

Iterate over all symbols present in the set of loaded binaries that have the given name

Parameters

name – The name to search for
exclude_imports – Whether to exclude import symbols. Default True.
exclude_externs – Whether to exclude symbols in the extern object. Default False.
exclude_forwards – Whether to exclude forward symbols. Default True.

find_plt_stub_name(addr): Return the name of the PLT stub starting at addr.

find_relevant_relocations(name): Iterate through all the relocations referring to the symbol with the given name

perform_irelative_relocs(resolver_func)

Use this method to satisfy IRelative relocations in the binary that require execution of loaded code.

Note that this does NOT handle IFunc symbols, which must be handled separately. (this could be changed, but at the moment it’s desirable to support lazy IFunc resolution, since emulation is usually slow)

Parameters: resolver_func – A callback function that takes an address, runs the code at that address, and returns the return value from the emulated function.

dynamic_load(spec)

Load a file into the address space. Note that the sematics of auto_load_libs and except_missing_libs apply at all times.

Parameters: spec – The path to the file to load. May be an absolute path, a relative path, or a name to search in the load path.
Returns: A list of all the objects successfully loaded, which may be empty if this object was previously loaded. If the object specified in spec failed to load for any reason, including the file not being found, return None.

get_loader_symbolic_constraints(): Do not use this method.

Backends

class cle.backends.FunctionHintSource

Bases: object

Enums that describe the source of function hints.

EH_FRAME = 0

EXTERNAL_EH_FRAME = 1

class cle.backends.FunctionHint(addr, size, source)

Bases: object

Describes a function hint.

Variables

addr (int) – Address of the function.
size (int) – Size of the function.
source (int) – Source of this hint.

addr

size

source

class cle.backends.ExceptionHandling(start_addr, size, handler_addr=None, type_=None, func_addr=None)

Bases: object

Describes an exception handling.

Exception handlers are usually language-specific. In C++, it is usually implemented as try {} catch {} blocks.

Variables

start_addr (int) – The beginning of the try block.
size (int) – Size of the try block.
handler_addr (Optional[int]) – Address of the exception handler code.
type – Type of the exception handler. Optional.
func_addr (Optional[int]) – Address of the function. Optional.

start_addr

size

handler_addr

type

func_addr

class cle.backends.Backend(binary, binary_stream, loader=None, is_main_bin=False, entry_point=None, arch=None, base_addr=None, force_rebase=False, has_memory=True, **kwargs)

Bases: object

Main base class for CLE binary objects.

An alternate interface to this constructor exists as the static method cle.loader.Loader.load_object()

Variables

binary – The path to the file this object is loaded from
binary_basename – The basename of the filepath, or a short representation of the stream it was loaded from
is_main_bin – Whether this binary is loaded as the main executable
segments – A listing of all the loaded segments in this file
sections – A listing of all the demarked sections in the file
sections_map – A dict mapping from section name to section
imports – A mapping from symbol name to import relocation
resolved_imports – A list of all the import symbols that are successfully resolved
relocs – A list of all the relocations in this binary
irelatives – A list of tuples representing all the irelative relocations that need to be performed. The first item in the tuple is the address of the resolver function, and the second item is the address of where to write the result. The destination address is an RVA.
jmprel – A mapping from symbol name to the address of its jump slot relocation, i.e. its GOT entry.
arch (archinfo.arch.Arch) – The architecture of this binary
os (str) – The operating system this binary is meant to run under
mapped_base (int) – The base address of this object in virtual memory
deps – A list of names of shared libraries this binary depends on
linking – ‘dynamic’ or ‘static’
linked_base – The base address this object requests to be loaded at
pic (bool) – Whether this object is position-independent
execstack (bool) – Whether this executable has an executable stack
provides (str) – The name of the shared library dependancy that this object resolves
symbols (list) – A list of symbols provided by this object, sorted by address
has_memory – Whether this backend is backed by a Clemory or not. As it stands now, a backend should still define min_addr and max_addr even if has_memory is False.

Parameters

binary – The path to the binary to load
binary_stream – The open stream to this binary. The reference to this will be held until you call close.
is_main_bin – Whether this binary should be loaded as the main executable

is_default = False

loader: Loader

close()

set_arch(arch)

property image_base_delta

property entry

property segments: Regions

property sections

property symbols_by_addr

rebase(new_base): Rebase backend’s regions to the new base where they were mapped by the loader

relocate()

Apply all resolved relocations to memory.

The meaning of “resolved relocations” is somewhat subtle - there is a linking step which attempts to resolve each relocation, currently only present in the main internal loading function since the calculation of which objects should be available

contains_addr(addr): Is addr in one of the binary’s segments/sections we have loaded? (i.e. is it mapped into memory ?)

find_loadable_containing(addr)

find_segment_containing(addr): Returns the segment that contains addr, or None.

find_section_containing(addr): Returns the section that contains addr or None.

addr_to_offset(addr)

offset_to_addr(offset)

property min_addr: This returns the lowest virtual address contained in any loaded segment of the binary.

property max_addr: This returns the highest virtual address contained in any loaded segment of the binary.

property initializers: Stub function. Should be overridden by backends that can provide initializer functions that ought to be run before execution reaches the entry point. Addresses should be rebased.

property finalizers: Stub function. Like initializers, but with finalizers.

property threads: If this backend represents a dump of a running program, it may contain one or more thread contexts, i.e. register files. This property should contain a list of names for these threads, which should be unique.

thread_registers(thread=None): If this backend represents a dump of a running program, it may contain one or more thread contexts, i.e. register files. This method should return the register file for a given thread (as named in Backend.threads) as a dict mapping register names (as seen in archinfo) to numbers. If the thread is not specified, it should return the context for a “default” thread. If there are no threads, it should return an empty dict.

initial_register_values(): Deprecated

get_symbol(name): Stub function. Implement to find the symbol with name name.

static extract_soname(path): Extracts the shared object identifier from the path, or returns None if it cannot.

classmethod is_compatible(stream): Determine quickly whether this backend can load an object from this stream

classmethod check_compatibility(spec, obj): Performs a minimal static load of spec and returns whether it’s compatible with other_obj

classmethod check_magic_compatibility(stream): Check if a stream of bytes contains the same magic number as the main object

cle.backends.register_backend(name, cls)

class cle.backends.symbol.SymbolType(value)

Bases: Enum

ABI-agnostic symbol types

TYPE_OTHER = 0

TYPE_NONE = 1

TYPE_FUNCTION = 2

TYPE_OBJECT = 3

TYPE_SECTION = 4

TYPE_TLS_OBJECT = 5

class cle.backends.symbol.SymbolSubType(value)

Bases: Enum

Abstract base class for ABI-specific symbol types

to_base_type() → SymbolType: A subclass’ ABI-specific mapping to :SymbolType:

class cle.backends.symbol.Symbol(owner: Backend, name: str, relative_addr: int, size: int, sym_type: SymbolType)

Bases: object

Representation of a symbol from a binary file. Smart enough to rebase itself.

There should never be more than one Symbol instance representing a single symbol. To make sure of this, only use the cle.backends.Backend.get_symbol() to create new symbols.

Variables

owner (cle.backends.Backend) – The object that contains this symbol
name (str) – The name of this symbol
addr (int) – The un-based address of this symbol, an RVA
size (int) – The size of this symbol
_type (SymbolType) – The ABI-agnostic type of this symbol
resolved (bool) – Whether this import symbol has been resolved to a real symbol
resolvedby (None or cle.backends.Symbol) – The real symbol this import symbol has been resolve to
resolvewith (str) – The name of the library we must use to resolve this symbol, or None if none is required.

Not documenting this since if you try calling it, you’re wrong.

resolve(obj)

property type: SymbolType: The ABI-agnostic SymbolType. Must be overridden by derived types.

property subtype: SymbolSubType: A subclass’ ABI-specific types

property rebased_addr: The address of this symbol in the global memory space

property linked_addr

property is_function: Whether this symbol is a function

is_static = False

is_common = False

is_import = False

is_export = False

is_local = False

is_weak = False

is_extern = False

is_forward = False

resolve_forwarder(): If this symbol is a forwarding export, return the symbol the forwarding refers to, or None if it cannot be found

property owner_obj

class cle.backends.regions.Regions(lst=None)

Bases: object

A container class acting as a list of regions (sections or segments). Additionally, it keeps an sorted list of all regions that are mapped into memory to allow fast lookups.

We assume none of the regions overlap with others.

property raw_list: List[Region]

Get the internal list. Any change to it is not tracked, and therefore _sorted_list will not be updated. Therefore you probably does not want to modify the list.

Returns: The internal list container.
Return type: list

property max_addr: Optional[int]

Get the highest address of all regions.

Returns: The highest address of all regions, or None if there is no region available.
Return type: int or None

append(region: Region)

Append a new Region instance into the list.

Parameters: region (Region) – The region to append.

remove(region: Region) → None

Remove an existing Region instance from the list.

Parameters: region (Region) – The region to remove.

find_region_containing(addr) → Optional[Region]

Find the region that contains a specific address. Returns None if none of the regions covers the address.

Parameters: addr (int) – The address.
Returns: The region that covers the specific address, or None if no such region is found.
Return type: Region or None

find_region_next_to(addr)

Find the next region after the given address.

Parameters: addr (int) – The address to test.
Returns: The next region that goes after the given address, or None if there is no section after the address,
Return type: Region or None

class cle.backends.region.Region(offset, vaddr, filesize, memsize)

Bases: object

A region of memory that is mapped in the object’s file.

Variables

offset – The offset into the file the region starts.
vaddr – The virtual address.
filesize – The size of the region in the file.
memsize – The size of the region when loaded into memory.

The prefix v- on a variable or parameter name indicates that it refers to the virtual, loaded memory space, while a corresponding variable without the v- refers to the flat zero-based memory of the file.

When used next to each other, addr and offset refer to virtual memory address and file offset, respectively.

vaddr: int

memsize: int

filesize: int

contains_addr(addr): Does this region contain this virtual address?

contains_offset(offset): Does this region contain this offset into the file?

addr_to_offset(addr): Convert a virtual memory address into a file offset

offset_to_addr(offset): Convert a file offset into a virtual memory address

property max_addr: The maximum virtual address of this region

property min_addr: The minimum virtual address of this region

property max_offset: The maximum file offset of this region

min_offset(): The minimum file offset of this region

property is_readable: bool

property is_writable: bool

property is_executable: bool

class cle.backends.region.Segment(offset, vaddr, filesize, memsize)

Bases: Region

vaddr: int

memsize: int

filesize: int

class cle.backends.region.EmptySegment(vaddr, memsize, is_readable=True, is_writable=True, is_executable=False)

Bases: Segment

A segment with no static content, and permissions

property is_executable

property is_writable

property is_readable

property only_contains_uninitialized_data: Whether this section is initialized to zero after the executable is loaded.

vaddr: int

memsize: int

filesize: int

class cle.backends.region.Section(name, offset, vaddr, size)

Bases: Region

Simple representation of a loaded section.

Variables

name (str) – The name of the section

Parameters

name (str) – The name of the section
offset (int) – The offset into the binary file this section begins
vaddr (int) – The address in virtual memory this section begins
size (int) – How large this section is

property is_readable: Whether this section has read permissions

property is_writable: Whether this section has write permissions

property is_executable: Whether this section has execute permissions

vaddr: int

memsize: int

filesize: int

property only_contains_uninitialized_data: Whether this section is initialized to zero after the executable is loaded.

class cle.backends.elf.elf.ELFSymbol(owner, symb)

Bases: Symbol

Represents a symbol for the ELF format.

Variables

binding (str) – The binding of this symbol as an ELF enum string
section – The section associated with this symbol, or None
_subtype – The ELFSymbolType of this symbol

property subtype: ELFSymbolType

class cle.backends.elf.elf.ELF(*args, addend=None, debug_symbols=None, discard_section_headers=False, discard_program_headers=False, **kwargs)

Bases: MetaELF

The main loader class for statically loading ELF executables. Uses the pyreadelf library where useful.

Useful backend options:

debug_symbols: Provides the path to a separate file which contains the binary’s debug symbols
discard_section_headers: Do not parse section headers. Use this if they are corrupted or malicious.
discard_program_headers: Do not parse program headers. Use this if the binary is for a platform whose ELF
loader only looks at section headers, but whose toolchain generates program headers anyway.

is_default = True

imports: Dict[str, 'Relocation']

relocs: List[Relocation]

close()

classmethod check_compatibility(spec, obj)

classmethod check_magic_compatibility(stream)

static is_compatible(stream)

static extract_arch(reader)

property initializers

property finalizers

property symbols_by_name

get_symbol(symid, symbol_table=None)

Gets a Symbol object for the specified symbol.

Parameters: symid – Either an index into .dynsym or the name of a symbol.

rebase(new_base)

loader: Loader

symbols: sortedcontainers.SortedKeyList[Symbol]

arch: Optional[archinfo.Arch]

exception_handlings: List[ExceptionHandling]

function_hints: List[FunctionHint]

memory: Clemory

class cle.backends.elf.elfcore.ELFCore(*args, executable=None, remote_file_mapping=None, remote_file_mapper=None, **kwargs)

Bases: ELF

Loader class for ELF core files.

One key pain point when analyzing a core dump generated on a remote machine is that the paths to binaries are absolute (and may not exist or be the same on your local machine).

Therefore, you can use the options `remote_file_mapping to specify a dict mapping (easy if there are a small number of mappings) or remote_file_mapper to specify a function that accepts a remote file name and returns the local file name (useful if there are many mappings).

If you specify both remote_file_mapping and remote_file_mapper, remote_file_mapping is applied first, then the result is passed to remote_file_mapper.

Parameters

executable – Optional path to the main binary of the core dump. If not supplied, ELFCore will attempt to figure it out automatically from the core dump.
remote_file_mapping – Optional dict that maps specific file names in the core dump to other file names.
remote_file_mapper – Optional function that is used to map every file name in the core dump to whatever is returned from this function.

is_default = True

static is_compatible(stream)

property threads

thread_registers(thread=None)

loader: Loader

symbols: sortedcontainers.SortedKeyList[Symbol]

imports: Dict[str, 'Relocation']

relocs: List[Relocation]

arch: Optional[archinfo.Arch]

exception_handlings: List[ExceptionHandling]

function_hints: List[FunctionHint]

memory: Clemory

variables: Optional[List[Variable]]

compilation_units: Optional[List[CompilationUnit]]

References

class cle.backends.elf.lsda.ExceptionTableHeader(lp_start, ttype_encoding, ttype_offset, call_site_encoding, call_site_table_len)

Bases: object

lp_start

ttype_encoding

ttype_offset

call_site_encoding

call_site_table_len

class cle.backends.elf.lsda.CallSiteEntry(cs_start, cs_len, cs_lp, cs_action)

Bases: object

cs_start

cs_len

cs_lp

cs_action

class cle.backends.elf.lsda.LSDAExceptionTable(stream, bits, little_endian=True)

Bases: object

LSDA exception table parser.

TODO: Much of this class should be eventually moved to pyelftools.

parse_lsda(address, offset)

class cle.backends.elf.metaelf.MetaELF(*args, **kwargs)

Bases: Backend

A base class that implements functions used by all backends that can load an ELF.

supported_filetypes = ['elf']

property plt: Maps names to addresses.

property reverse_plt: Maps addresses to names.

property is_ppc64_abiv1

Returns whether the arch is PowerPC64 ABIv1.

Returns: True if PowerPC64 ABIv1, False otherwise.

property is_ppc64_abiv2

Returns whether the arch is PowerPC64 ABIv2.

Returns: True if PowerPC64 ABIv2, False otherwise.

property ppc64_initial_rtoc: Get initial rtoc value for PowerPC64 architecture.

static extract_soname(path)

static get_text_offset(path): Offset of .text in the binary.

loader: Loader

symbols: sortedcontainers.SortedKeyList[Symbol]

imports: Dict[str, 'Relocation']

relocs: List[Relocation]

arch: Optional[archinfo.Arch]

exception_handlings: List[ExceptionHandling]

function_hints: List[FunctionHint]

memory: Clemory

cle.backends.elf.symbol.maybedecode(string)

class cle.backends.elf.symbol.ELFSymbol(owner, symb)

Bases: Symbol

Represents a symbol for the ELF format.

Variables

binding (str) – The binding of this symbol as an ELF enum string
section – The section associated with this symbol, or None
_subtype – The ELFSymbolType of this symbol

property subtype: ELFSymbolType

class cle.backends.elf.symbol_type.ELFSymbolType(value)

Bases: SymbolSubType

ELF-specific symbol types

This is just a nice way to allow for just specifying the int for default types: ELFSymbolType(10) rather than ELFSymbolType((10,None)).

Idea courtesy: https://stackoverflow.com/q/24105268/1137728.

We don’t need to implement the str parsing like the SO link above since Enum already has built-in item access: ELFSymbolType[‘STT_FUNC’].

STT_NOTYPE = (0, None)

STT_OBJECT = (1, None)

STT_FUNC = (2, None)

STT_SECTION = (3, None)

STT_FILE = (4, None)

STT_COMMON = (5, None)

STT_TLS = (6, None)

STT_LOOS = (10, None)

STT_HIOS = (12, None)

STT_LOPROC = (13, None)

STT_HIPROC = (15, None)

STT_GNU_IFUNC = (10, 'gnu')

property elf_value

property os_proc

property is_custom_os_proc

cle.backends.elf.regions.maybedecode(string)

class cle.backends.elf.regions.ELFSegment(readelf_seg, relro=False)

Bases: Segment

Represents a segment for the ELF format.

property is_readable

property is_writable

property is_executable

property is_relro

vaddr: int

memsize: int

filesize: int

class cle.backends.elf.regions.ELFSection(readelf_sec, remap_offset=0)

Bases: Section

SHF_WRITE = 1

SHF_ALLOC = 2

SHF_EXECINSTR = 4

SHF_STRINGS = 32

SHT_NULL = 'SHT_NULL'

property is_readable

property is_active

property is_writable

property occupies_memory

property is_executable

property is_strings

property only_contains_uninitialized_data

vaddr: int

memsize: int

filesize: int

class cle.backends.elf.hashtable.ELFHashTable(symtab, stream, offset, arch)

Bases: object

Functions to do lookup from a HASH section of an ELF file.

Information: http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E23824_01/html/819-0690/chapter6-48031.html

Parameters

symtab – The symbol table to perform lookups from (as a pyelftools SymbolTableSection).
stream – A file-like object to read from the ELF’s memory.
offset – The offset in the object where the table starts.
arch – The ArchInfo object for the ELF file.

get(k)

Perform a lookup. Returns a pyelftools Symbol object, or None if there is no match.

Parameters: k – The string to look up.

static elf_hash(key)

class cle.backends.elf.hashtable.GNUHashTable(symtab, stream, offset, arch)

Bases: object

Functions to do lookup from a GNU_HASH section of an ELF file.

Information: https://blogs.oracle.com/ali/entry/gnu_hash_elf_sections

Parameters

symtab – The symbol table to perform lookups from (as a pyelftools SymbolTableSection).
stream – A file-like object to read from the ELF’s memory.
offset – The offset in the object where the table starts.
arch – The ArchInfo object for the ELF file.

get(k)

Perform a lookup. Returns a pyelftools Symbol object, or None if there is no match.

Parameters: k – The string to look up

static gnu_hash(key)

class cle.backends.elf.variable.Variable(name: Optional[str], type_: Optional[VariableType], decl_file: Optional[str], decl_line: Optional[int], addr: Optional[int] = None, sort: str = '')

Bases: object

Variable for DWARF from a DW_TAG_variable or DW_TAG_formal_parameter

class cle.backends.elf.subprogram.Subprogram(name, low_pc, high_pc)

Bases: object

DW_TAG_subprogram for DWARF

local_variables: List[Variable] = []

class cle.backends.elf.variable_type.VariableType(name: str, byte_size: int)

Bases: object

DW_TAG_base_type for DWARF

static read_from_die(die: DIE)

class cle.backends.elf.compilation_unit.CompilationUnit(name, comp_dir, low_pc, high_pc, language)

Bases: object

CompilationUnit for DWARF See http://dwarfstd.org/doc/DWARF5.pdf page 60

class cle.backends.named_region.NamedRegion(name, start, end, is_readable=True, is_writable=True, is_executable=False, **kwargs)

Bases: Backend

A NamedRegion represents a region of memory that has a name, a location, but no static content.

This region also has permissions; with no memory, these obviously don’t do anything on their own, but they help inform any other code that relies on CLE (e.g., angr)

This can be used as a placeholder for memory that should exist in CLE’s view, but for which it does not need data, like RAM, MMIO, etc

Create a NamedRegion.

Parameters

name – The name of the region
start – The start address of the region
end – The end address (exclusive) of the region
is_readable – Whether the region is readable
is_writable – Whether the region is writable
is_executable – Whether the region is executable
kwargs –

is_default = False

has_memory = False

static is_compatible(stream)

property min_addr

property max_addr

function_name(addr): NamedRegions don’t support function names.

contains_addr(addr)

classmethod check_compatibility(spec, obj)

loader: Loader

symbols: sortedcontainers.SortedKeyList[Symbol]

imports: Dict[str, 'Relocation']

relocs: List[Relocation]

arch: Optional[archinfo.Arch]

exception_handlings: List[ExceptionHandling]

function_hints: List[FunctionHint]

memory: Clemory

class cle.backends.pe.pe.PE(*args, **kwargs)

Bases: Backend

Representation of a PE (i.e. Windows) binary.

is_default = True

static is_compatible(stream)

classmethod check_magic_compatibility(stream)

classmethod check_compatibility(spec, obj)

close()

get_symbol(name): Look up the symbol with the given name. Symbols can be looked up by ordinal with the name "ordinal.%d" % num

loader: Loader

symbols: sortedcontainers.SortedKeyList[Symbol]

imports: Dict[str, 'Relocation']

relocs: List[Relocation]

arch: Optional[archinfo.Arch]

exception_handlings: List[ExceptionHandling]

function_hints: List[FunctionHint]

memory: Clemory

class cle.backends.pe.symbol.WinSymbol(owner, name, addr, is_import, is_export, ordinal_number, forwarder)

Bases: Symbol

Represents a symbol for the PE format.

resolve_forwarder()

class cle.backends.pe.regions.PESection(pe_section, remap_offset=0)

Bases: Section

Represents a section for the PE format.

filesize: int

property is_readable

property is_writable

property is_executable

property only_contains_uninitialized_data

vaddr: int

memsize: int

class cle.backends.macho.macho.MachO(*args, **kwargs)

Bases: Backend

Mach-O binaries for CLE

The Mach-O format is notably different from other formats, as such: * Sections are always part of a segment, self.sections will thus be empty * Symbols cannot be categorized like in ELF * Symbol resolution must be handled by the binary * Rebasing cannot be done statically (i.e. self.mapped_base is ignored for now) * …

is_default = True

MH_MAGIC_64 = 4277009103

MH_CIGAM_64 = 3489328638

MH_MAGIC = 4277009102

MH_CIGAM = 3472551422

ncmds: int

sizeofcmds: int

classmethod is_compatible(stream)

is_thumb_interworking(address): Returns true if the given address is a THUMB interworking address

decode_thumb_interworking(address): Decodes a thumb interworking address

find_segment_by_name(name)

do_binding()

get_string(start): Loads a string from the string table

parse_lc_str(f, start, limit: Optional[int] = None): Parses a lc_str data structure

S: alias of TypeVar(‘S’, bound=Union[Structure, Union])

get_symbol_by_address_fuzzy(address): Locates a symbol by checking the given address against sym.addr, sym.bind_xrefs and sym.symbol_stubs

get_symbol(name, include_stab=False, fuzzy=False)

Returns all symbols matching name.

Note that especially when include_stab=True there may be multiple symbols with the same name, therefore this method always returns an array.

Parameters

name – the name of the symbol
include_stab – Include debugging symbols NOT RECOMMENDED
fuzzy – Replace exact match with “contains”-style match

get_symbol_by_insertion_order(idx: int) → AbstractMachOSymbol

Parameters: idx – idx when this symbol was inserted
Returns

get_segment_by_name(name): Searches for a MachOSegment with the given name and returns it :param name: Name of the sought segment :return: MachOSegment or None

class cle.backends.macho.macho.MachOSection(offset, vaddr, size, vsize, segname, sectname, align, reloff, nreloc, flags, r1, r2, parent_segment: Optional[MachOSegment] = None)

Bases: Section

Mach-O Section, only defined within the context of a Mach-O Segment.

offset is the offset into the file the region starts

vaddr (or just addr) is the virtual address

filesize (or just size) is the size of the region in the file

memsize (or vsize) is the size of the region when loaded into memory

segname is the corresponding segment’s name without padding

sectname is the section’s name without padding

align is the sections alignment as a power of 2

reloff is the file offset to the section’s relocation entries

nreloc is the number of relocation entries for this section

flags is a bit vector containing per-section flags

r1 and r2 are values for the reserved1 and reserved2 fields respectively

filesize: int

memsize: int

property type

property attributes

property is_readable: Always true, because sections should always be readable :return:

property is_writable: Returns the permission of the parent segment, because MachO sections simply inherit that :return:

property is_executable: Returns the permission of the parent segment, because MachO sections simply inherit that :return:

property only_contains_uninitialized_data: I actually don’t know if this is true, but it seems like a saner assumption than true :return:

vaddr: int

class cle.backends.macho.macho.MachOSegment(offset, vaddr, size, vsize, segname, nsect, sections, flags, initprot, maxprot)

Bases: Segment

Mach-O Segment

offset is the offset into the file the region starts

vaddr (or just addr) is the virtual address

filesize (or just size) is the size of the region in the file

memsize (or vsize) is the size of the region when loaded into memory

segname is the segment’s name without padding

nsect is the number of sections contained in this segment

sections is an array of MachOSections

flags is a bit vector containing per-segment flags

initprot and maxprot are initial and maximum permissions respectively

get_section_by_name(name): Searches for a section by name within this segment :param name: Name of the section :return: MachOSection or None

property is_readable

property is_writable

property is_executable

vaddr: int

memsize: int

filesize: int

class cle.backends.macho.symbol.AbstractMachOSymbol(owner: Backend, name: str, relative_addr: int, size: int, sym_type: SymbolType)

Bases: Symbol

Base class for Mach-O symbols. Defines the minimum common properties all types of mach-o symbols must have

property library_ordinal

property is_stab

property library_name

class cle.backends.macho.symbol.SymbolTableSymbol(owner: MachO, symtab_offset, n_strx, n_type, n_sect, n_desc, n_value)

Bases: AbstractMachOSymbol

“Regular” symbol. Made to be (somewhat) compatible with backends.Symbol. A SymbolTableSymbol is an entry in the binary’s symbol table.

Note that ELF-specific fields from backends.Symbol are not used and semantics of the remaining fields differ in many cases. As a result most stock functionality from Angr and related libraries WILL NOT WORK PROPERLY on MachOSymbol.

Much of the code below is based on heuristics as official documentation is sparse, consider yourself warned!

owner: MachO

property library_name

property segment_name

property section_name

property value

property referenced_symbol_index: For indirect symbols n_value contains an index into the string table indicating the referenced symbol’s name

is_weak()

property is_function

property rebased_addr

property is_stab

property is_private_external

property is_external

property sym_type

property is_common

property common_align

property reference_type

property library_ordinal

property is_no_dead_strip

property is_desc_discarded

property is_weak_referenced

property is_weak_defined

property is_reference_to_weak

property is_thumb_definition

property is_symbol_resolver

property is_alt_entry

class cle.backends.macho.symbol.DyldBoundSymbol(owner, name, lib_ordinal)

Bases: AbstractMachOSymbol

The new kind of symbol handling introduced with ios15

Based on the constructor of BindingSymbol

property library_name

property is_function

property rebased_addr

demangled_name()

property library_ordinal

class cle.backends.macho.symbol.BindingSymbol(owner, name, lib_ordinal)

Bases: AbstractMachOSymbol

“Binding” symbol. Made to be (somewhat) compatible with backends.Symbol. A BindingSymbol is an imported symbol discovered during the binding process.

Note that ELF-specific fields from backends.Symbol are not used and semantics of the remaining fields differ in many cases. As a result most stock functionality from Angr and related libraries WILL NOT WORK PROPERLY on MachOSymbol.

Much of the code below is based on heuristics as official documentation is sparse, consider yourself warned!

property library_name

property is_function

property rebased_addr

demangled_name()

property library_ordinal

class cle.backends.macho.section.MachOSection(offset, vaddr, size, vsize, segname, sectname, align, reloff, nreloc, flags, r1, r2, parent_segment: Optional[MachOSegment] = None)

Bases: Section

Mach-O Section, only defined within the context of a Mach-O Segment.

offset is the offset into the file the region starts

vaddr (or just addr) is the virtual address

filesize (or just size) is the size of the region in the file

memsize (or vsize) is the size of the region when loaded into memory

segname is the corresponding segment’s name without padding

sectname is the section’s name without padding

align is the sections alignment as a power of 2

reloff is the file offset to the section’s relocation entries

nreloc is the number of relocation entries for this section

flags is a bit vector containing per-section flags

r1 and r2 are values for the reserved1 and reserved2 fields respectively

filesize: int

memsize: int

property type

property attributes

property is_readable: Always true, because sections should always be readable :return:

property is_writable: Returns the permission of the parent segment, because MachO sections simply inherit that :return:

property is_executable: Returns the permission of the parent segment, because MachO sections simply inherit that :return:

property only_contains_uninitialized_data: I actually don’t know if this is true, but it seems like a saner assumption than true :return:

vaddr: int

class cle.backends.macho.segment.MachOSegment(offset, vaddr, size, vsize, segname, nsect, sections, flags, initprot, maxprot)

Bases: Segment

Mach-O Segment

offset is the offset into the file the region starts

vaddr (or just addr) is the virtual address

filesize (or just size) is the size of the region in the file

memsize (or vsize) is the size of the region when loaded into memory

segname is the segment’s name without padding

nsect is the number of sections contained in this segment

sections is an array of MachOSections

flags is a bit vector containing per-segment flags

initprot and maxprot are initial and maximum permissions respectively

get_section_by_name(name): Searches for a section by name within this segment :param name: Name of the section :return: MachOSection or None

property is_readable

property is_writable

property is_executable

vaddr: int

memsize: int

filesize: int

cle.backends.macho.binding.chh(x)

cle.backends.macho.binding.read_uleb(blob: bytes, offset: int) → Tuple[int, int]: Reads a number encoded as uleb128

cle.backends.macho.binding.read_sleb(blob, offset): Reads a number encoded as sleb128

class cle.backends.macho.binding.BindingState(is_64)

Bases: object

State object

add_address_ov(address, addend): this is a very ugly klugde. It is needed because dyld relies on overflow semantics and represents several negative offsets through BIG ulebs

check_address_bounds()

class cle.backends.macho.binding.BindingHelper(binary)

Bases: object

Factors out binding logic from MachO. Intended to work in close conjunction with MachO not for standalone use

binary: MachO

do_normal_bind(blob: bytes): Performs non-lazy, non-weak bindings :param blob: Blob containing binding opcodes

do_lazy_bind(blob): Performs lazy binding

cle.backends.macho.binding.n_opcode_done(s: BindingState, _b: MachO, _i: int, _blob: bytes) → BindingState

cle.backends.macho.binding.n_opcode_set_dylib_ordinal_imm(s: BindingState, _b: MachO, i: int, _blob: bytes) → BindingState

cle.backends.macho.binding.n_opcode_set_dylib_ordinal_uleb(s: BindingState, _b: MachO, _i: int, blob: bytes) → BindingState

cle.backends.macho.binding.n_opcode_set_dylib_special_imm(s: BindingState, _b: MachO, i: int, _blob: bytes) → BindingState

cle.backends.macho.binding.n_opcode_set_trailing_flags_imm(s: BindingState, _b: MachO, i: int, blob: bytes) → BindingState

cle.backends.macho.binding.n_opcode_set_type_imm(s: BindingState, _b: MachO, i: int, _blob: bytes) → BindingState

cle.backends.macho.binding.n_opcode_set_addend_sleb(s: BindingState, _b: MachO, _i: int, blob: bytes) → BindingState

cle.backends.macho.binding.n_opcode_set_segment_and_offset_uleb(s: BindingState, b: MachO, i: int, blob: bytes) → BindingState

cle.backends.macho.binding.l_opcode_set_segment_and_offset_uleb(s: BindingState, b: MachO, i: int, blob: bytes) → BindingState

cle.backends.macho.binding.n_opcode_add_addr_uleb(s: BindingState, _b: MachO, _i: int, blob: bytes) → BindingState

cle.backends.macho.binding.n_opcode_do_bind(s: BindingState, b: MachO, _i: int, _blob: bytes) → BindingState

cle.backends.macho.binding.l_opcode_do_bind(s: BindingState, b: MachO, _i: int, _blob: bytes) → BindingState

cle.backends.macho.binding.n_opcode_do_bind_add_addr_uleb(s: BindingState, b: MachO, _i: int, blob: bytes) → BindingState

cle.backends.macho.binding.n_opcode_do_bind_add_addr_imm_scaled(s: BindingState, b: MachO, i: int, _blob: bytes) → BindingState

cle.backends.macho.binding.n_opcode_do_bind_uleb_times_skipping_uleb(s: BindingState, b: MachO, _i: int, blob: bytes) → BindingState

class cle.backends.macho.binding.MachORelocation(owner: Backend, symbol: AbstractMachOSymbol, relative_addr: int, data)

Bases: Relocation

Generic Relocation for MachO. For now it just deals with symbols

resolve_symbol(solist, thumb=False, extern_object=None, **kwargs)

property dest_addr: mach-o rebasing is hard to handle, so this behaviour differs from other relocations

property value

cle.backends.macho.binding.default_binding_handler(state: BindingState, binary: MachO): Binds location to the symbol with the given name and library ordinal

class cle.backends.macho.macho_load_commands.LoadCommands(value)

Bases: IntEnum

Enum for all the Load Commands used inside the MachO Binary

LC_REQ_DYLD = 2147483648

LC_SEGMENT = 1

LC_SYMTAB = 2

LC_SYMSEG = 3

LC_THREAD = 4

LC_UNIXTHREAD = 5

LC_LOADFVMLIB = 6

LC_IDFVMLIB = 7

LC_IDENT = 8

LC_FVMFILE = 9

LC_PREPAGE = 10

LC_DYSYMTAB = 11

LC_LOAD_DYLIB = 12

LC_ID_DYLIB = 13

LC_LOAD_DYLINKER = 14

LC_ID_DYLINKER = 15

LC_PREBOUND_DYLIB = 16

LC_ROUTINES = 17

LC_SUB_FRAMEWORK = 18

LC_SUB_UMBRELLA = 19

LC_SUB_CLIENT = 20

LC_SUB_LIBRARY = 21

LC_TWOLEVEL_HINTS = 22

LC_PREBIND_CKSUM = 23

LC_LOAD_WEAK_DYLIB = 2147483672

LC_SEGMENT_64 = 25

LC_ROUTINES_64 = 26

LC_UUID = 27

LC_RPATH = 2147483676

LC_CODE_SIGNATURE = 29

LC_SEGMENT_SPLIT_INFO = 30

LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB = 2147483679

LC_LAZY_LOAD_DYLIB = 32

LC_ENCRYPTION_INFO = 33

LC_DYLD_INFO = 34

LC_DYLD_INFO_ONLY = 2147483682

LC_LOAD_UPWARD_DYLIB = 2147483683

LC_VERSION_MIN_MACOSX = 36

LC_VERSION_MIN_IPHONEOS = 37

LC_FUNCTION_STARTS = 38

LC_DYLD_ENVIRONMENT = 39

LC_MAIN = 2147483688

LC_DATA_IN_CODE = 41

LC_SOURCE_VERSION = 42

LC_DYLIB_CODE_SIGN_DRS = 43

LC_ENCRYPTION_INFO_64 = 44

LC_LINKER_OPTION = 45

LC_LINKER_OPTIMIZATION_HINT = 46

LC_VERSION_MIN_TVOS = 47

LC_VERSION_MIN_WATCHOS = 48

LC_NOTE = 49

LC_BUILD_VERSION = 50

LC_DYLD_EXPORTS_TRIE = 2147483699

LC_DYLD_CHAINED_FIXUPS = 2147483700

class cle.backends.macho.structs.HelperStruct

Bases: Structure

Subclass of ctypes.Structure that adds a helpful repr method for debugging

class cle.backends.macho.structs.DyldImportFormats(value)

Bases: IntEnum

https://github.com/apple-opensource/dyld/blob/852.2/include/mach-o/fixup-chains.h#L249-L254

DYLD_CHAINED_IMPORT = 1

DYLD_CHAINED_IMPORT_ADDEND = 2

DYLD_CHAINED_IMPORT_ADDEND64 = 3

class cle.backends.macho.structs.DyldChainedPtrFormats(value)

Bases: IntEnum

https://github.com/apple-opensource/dyld/blob/852.2/include/mach-o/fixup-chains.h#L89-L104

DYLD_CHAINED_PTR_ARM64E = 1

DYLD_CHAINED_PTR_64 = 2

DYLD_CHAINED_PTR_32 = 3

DYLD_CHAINED_PTR_32_CACHE = 4

DYLD_CHAINED_PTR_32_FIRMWARE = 5

DYLD_CHAINED_PTR_64_OFFSET = 6

DYLD_CHAINED_PTR_ARM64E_KERNEL = 7

DYLD_CHAINED_PTR_64_KERNEL_CACHE = 8

DYLD_CHAINED_PTR_ARM64E_USERLAND = 9

DYLD_CHAINED_PTR_ARM64E_FIRMWARE = 10

DYLD_CHAINED_PTR_X86_64_KERNEL_CACHE = 11

DYLD_CHAINED_PTR_ARM64E_USERLAND24 = 12

class cle.backends.macho.structs.dyld_chained_ptr_arm64e_auth_rebase

Bases: HelperStruct

https://github.com/apple-opensource/dyld/blob/852.2/include/mach-o/fixup-chains.h#L128-L138

class cle.backends.macho.structs.dyld_chained_ptr_arm64e_auth_bind

Bases: HelperStruct

https://github.com/apple-opensource/dyld/blob/852.2/include/mach-o/fixup-chains.h#L140-L151

class cle.backends.macho.structs.dyld_chained_ptr_arm64e_rebase

Bases: HelperStruct

https://github.com/apple-opensource/dyld/blob/852.2/include/mach-o/fixup-chains.h#L107-L115

class cle.backends.macho.structs.dyld_chained_ptr_arm64e_bind

Bases: HelperStruct

https://github.com/apple-opensource/dyld/blob/852.2/include/mach-o/fixup-chains.h#L117-L126

class cle.backends.macho.structs.dyld_chained_ptr_arm64e_bind24

Bases: HelperStruct

https://github.com/apple-opensource/dyld/blob/852.2/include/mach-o/fixup-chains.h#L164-L173

class cle.backends.macho.structs.dyld_chained_ptr_arm64e_auth_bind24

Bases: HelperStruct

https://github.com/apple-opensource/dyld/blob/852.2/include/mach-o/fixup-chains.h#L175-L186

class cle.backends.macho.structs.Arm64e

Bases: Union

named after the Union Arm64e from dyld MachOLoaded.h https://github.com/apple-opensource/dyld/blob/852.2/dyld3/MachOLoaded.h#L89-L103

authRebase: dyld_chained_ptr_arm64e_auth_rebase: Structure/Union member

authBind: dyld_chained_ptr_arm64e_auth_bind: Structure/Union member

rebase: dyld_chained_ptr_arm64e_rebase: Structure/Union member

bind: dyld_chained_ptr_arm64e_bind: Structure/Union member

bind24: dyld_chained_ptr_arm64e_bind24: Structure/Union member

authBind24: dyld_chained_ptr_arm64e_auth_bind24: Structure/Union member

static check_valid_pointer_format(pointer_format: DyldChainedPtrFormats) → bool: helper to check if a pointer format is relevant for this :param pointer_format: :return:

class cle.backends.macho.structs.dyld_chained_ptr_64_rebase

Bases: HelperStruct

https://github.com/apple-opensource/dyld/blob/852.2/include/mach-o/fixup-chains.h#L153-L161

target: int: Structure/Union member

high8: int: Structure/Union member

next: int: Structure/Union member

bind: int: Structure/Union member

property unpackedTarget

class cle.backends.macho.structs.dyld_chained_ptr_64_bind

Bases: HelperStruct

https://github.com/apple-opensource/dyld/blob/852.2/include/mach-o/fixup-chains.h#L189-L197

ordinal: int: Structure/Union member

addend: int: Structure/Union member

next: int: Structure/Union member

bind: int: Structure/Union member

class cle.backends.macho.structs.Generic64

Bases: Union

named after the Union Generic64 from dyld MachOLoaded.h https://github.com/apple-opensource/dyld/blob/852.2/dyld3/MachOLoaded.h#L105-L111

rebase: dyld_chained_ptr_64_rebase: Structure/Union member

bind: dyld_chained_ptr_64_bind: Structure/Union member

static check_valid_pointer_format(pointer_format: DyldChainedPtrFormats) → bool

class cle.backends.macho.structs.ChainedFixupPointerOnDisk

Bases: Union

the ChainedFixupPointerOnDisk union from dyld MachOLoaded.h https://github.com/apple-opensource/dyld/blob/852.2/dyld3/MachOLoaded.h#L87-L141

generic64: Generic64: Structure/Union member

arm64e: Arm64e: Structure/Union member

isBind(pointer_format: DyldChainedPtrFormats) → Optional[Tuple[int, int]]: Port of ChainedFixupPointerOnDisk::isBind(uint16_t pointerFormat, uint32_t& bindOrdinal, int64_t& addend) https://github.com/apple-opensource/dyld/blob/852.2/dyld3/MachOLoaded.cpp#L1098-L1147 Returns None if not a bind (so if struct.isBind() works), :return:

isRebase(pointer_format: DyldChainedPtrFormats, preferredLoadAddress: int) → Optional[int]: port of ChainedFixupPointerOnDisk::isRebase( uint16_t pointerFormat, uint64_t preferedLoadAddress, uint64_t& targetRuntimeOffset) https://github.com/apple-opensource/dyld/blob/852.2/dyld3/MachOLoaded.cpp#L1046-L1096 :param pointer_format: :param preferredLoadAddress: I think that’s just the requested base address :return:

class cle.backends.macho.structs.DyldImportStruct

Bases: HelperStruct

Meta Struct for the different kind of import structs and the fields they are all guaranteed to have

lib_ordinal: int

weak_import: bool

name_offset: int

static get_struct(pointer: DyldImportFormats) → Type[DyldImportStruct]

class cle.backends.macho.structs.dyld_chained_import

Bases: DyldImportStruct

Struct for symbol format DYLD_CHAINED_IMPORT

lib_ordinal: int: Structure/Union member

name_offset: int: Structure/Union member

weak_import: bool: Structure/Union member

class cle.backends.macho.structs.dyld_chained_import_addend

Bases: DyldImportStruct

https://github.com/apple-opensource/dyld/blob/852.2/include/mach-o/fixup-chains.h#L264-L271

addend: int: Structure/Union member

lib_ordinal: int: Structure/Union member

name_offset: int: Structure/Union member

weak_import: bool: Structure/Union member

class cle.backends.macho.structs.dyld_chained_import_addend64

Bases: DyldImportStruct

https://github.com/apple-opensource/dyld/blob/852.2/include/mach-o/fixup-chains.h#L273-L281

addend: int: Structure/Union member

lib_ordinal: int: Structure/Union member

name_offset: int: Structure/Union member

reserved: Structure/Union member

weak_import: bool: Structure/Union member

class cle.backends.macho.structs.dyld_chained_fixups_header

Bases: HelperStruct

https://github.com/apple-opensource/dyld/blob/852.2/include/mach-o/fixup-chains.h#L36-L46

fixups_version: int: Structure/Union member

starts_offset: int: Structure/Union member

imports_offset: int: Structure/Union member

symbols_offset: int: Structure/Union member

imports_count: int: Structure/Union member

imports_format: DyldImportFormats: Structure/Union member

symbols_format: int: Structure/Union member

class cle.backends.macho.structs.dyld_chained_starts_in_image

Bases: Structure

https://github.com/apple-opensource/dyld/blob/852.2/include/mach-o/fixup-chains.h#L48-L54

seg_count: int: Structure/Union member

seg_info_offset: Array: Structure/Union member

class cle.backends.macho.structs.dyld_chained_starts_in_segment

Bases: HelperStruct

https://github.com/apple-opensource/dyld/blob/852.2/include/mach-o/fixup-chains.h#L56-L72

page_size: int: Structure/Union member

segment_offset: int: Structure/Union member

max_valid_pointer: int: Structure/Union member

page_count: int: Structure/Union member

page_start: int: Structure/Union member

property pointer_format: DyldChainedPtrFormats

exception cle.backends.minidump.MinidumpMissingStreamError(stream, message=None): Bases: Exception

class cle.backends.minidump.Minidump(*args, **kwargs)

Bases: Backend

is_default = True

close()

static is_compatible(stream)

property threads

thread_registers(thread=None)

loader: Loader

symbols: sortedcontainers.SortedKeyList[Symbol]

imports: Dict[str, 'Relocation']

relocs: List[Relocation]

arch: Optional[archinfo.Arch]

exception_handlings: List[ExceptionHandling]

function_hints: List[FunctionHint]

memory: Clemory

get_thread_registers_by_id(thread_id)

class cle.backends.cgc.cgc.CGC(binary, binary_stream, *args, **kwargs)

Bases: ELF

Backend to support the CGC elf format used by the Cyber Grand Challenge competition.

See : https://github.com/CyberGrandChallenge/libcgcef/blob/master/cgc_executable_format.md

is_default = True

static is_compatible(stream)

supported_filetypes = ['cgc']

loader: Loader

symbols: sortedcontainers.SortedKeyList[Symbol]

imports: Dict[str, 'Relocation']

relocs: List[Relocation]

arch: Optional[archinfo.Arch]

exception_handlings: List[ExceptionHandling]

function_hints: List[FunctionHint]

memory: Clemory

variables: Optional[List[Variable]]

compilation_units: Optional[List[CompilationUnit]]

class cle.backends.cgc.backedcgc.FakeSegment(start, size)

Bases: Segment

vaddr: int

memsize: int

filesize: int

class cle.backends.cgc.backedcgc.BackedCGC(*args, memory_backer=None, register_backer=None, writes_backer=None, permissions_map=None, current_allocation_base=None, **kwargs)

Bases: CGC

This is a backend for CGC executables that allows user provide a memory backer and a register backer as the initial state of the running binary.

Parameters

path – File path to CGC executable.
memory_backer – A dict of memory content, with beginning address of each segment as key and actual memory content as data.
register_backer – A dict of all register contents. EIP will be used as the entry point of this executable.
permissions_map – A dict of memory region to permission flags
current_allocation_base – An integer representing the current address of the top of the CGC heap.

is_default = True

static is_compatible(stream)

property threads

thread_registers(thread=None)

loader: Loader

symbols: sortedcontainers.SortedKeyList[Symbol]

imports: Dict[str, 'Relocation']

relocs: List[Relocation]

arch: Optional[archinfo.Arch]

exception_handlings: List[ExceptionHandling]

function_hints: List[FunctionHint]

memory: Clemory

variables: Optional[List[Variable]]

compilation_units: Optional[List[CompilationUnit]]

class cle.backends.blob.Blob(*args, offset=None, segments=None, **kwargs)

Bases: Backend

Representation of a binary blob, i.e. an executable in an unknown file format.

Parameters

arch – (required) an archinfo.Arch for the binary blob.
offset – Skip this many bytes from the beginning of the file.
segments – List of tuples describing how to map data into memory. Tuples are of (file_offset, mem_addr, size).

You can’t specify both offset and segments.

is_default = True

static is_compatible(stream)

property min_addr

property max_addr

function_name(addr): Blobs don’t support function names.

contains_addr(addr)

in_which_segment(addr): Blobs don’t support segments.

classmethod check_compatibility(spec, obj)

loader: Loader

symbols: sortedcontainers.SortedKeyList[Symbol]

imports: Dict[str, 'Relocation']

relocs: List[Relocation]

arch: Optional[archinfo.Arch]

exception_handlings: List[ExceptionHandling]

function_hints: List[FunctionHint]

memory: Clemory

class cle.backends.ihex.Hex(*args, **kwargs)

Bases: Backend

A loader for Intel Hex Objects See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_HEX

is_default = True

static parse_record(line)

static coalesce_regions(regions)

loader: Loader

symbols: sortedcontainers.SortedKeyList[Symbol]

imports: Dict[str, 'Relocation']

relocs: List[Relocation]

arch: Optional[archinfo.Arch]

exception_handlings: List[ExceptionHandling]

function_hints: List[FunctionHint]

memory: Clemory

static is_compatible(stream)

class cle.backends.binja.BinjaSymbol(owner, sym)

Bases: Symbol

BINJA_FUNC_SYM_TYPES = []

BINJA_DATA_SYM_TYPES = []

BINJA_IMPORT_TYPES = []

class cle.backends.binja.BinjaReloc(owner: Backend, symbol: Symbol, relative_addr: int)

Bases: Relocation

property value

class cle.backends.binja.BinjaBin(binary, *args, **kwargs)

Bases: Backend

Get information from binaries using Binary Ninja. Basing this on idabin.py, but will try to be more complete. TODO: add more features as Binary Ninja’s feature set improves

is_default = True

BINJA_ARCH_MAP = {'aarch64': <Arch AARCH64 (LE)>, 'armv7': <Arch ARMEL (LE)>, 'armv7eb': <Arch ARMEL (BE)>, 'mips32': <Arch MIPS32 (BE)>, 'mipsel32': <Arch MIPS32 (LE)>, 'ppc': <Arch PPC32 (BE)>, 'ppc_le': <Arch PPC32 (LE)>, 'thumb2': <Arch ARMEL (LE)>, 'thumb2eb': <Arch ARMEL (BE)>, 'x86': <Arch X86 (LE)>, 'x86_64': <Arch AMD64 (LE)>}

static is_compatible(stream)

in_which_segment(addr): Return the segment name at address addr.

get_symbol_addr(sym)

Get the address of the symbol sym from IDA.

Returns: An address.

function_name(addr): Return the function name at address addr.

property min_addr

this is probably not “right”)

Type: Get the min address of the binary. (note

property max_addr: Get the max address of the binary.

property entry

get_strings()

Extract strings from binary (Binary Ninja).

Returns: An array of strings.

set_got_entry(name, newaddr): Resolve import name with address newaddr. That is, update the GOT entry for name with newaddr.

close(): Release the BinaryView we created in __init__ :return: None

loader: Loader

symbols: sortedcontainers.SortedKeyList[Symbol]

imports: Dict[str, 'Relocation']

relocs: List[Relocation]

arch: Optional[archinfo.Arch]

exception_handlings: List[ExceptionHandling]

function_hints: List[FunctionHint]

memory: Clemory

class cle.backends.externs.ExternSegment(map_size)

Bases: Segment

addr_to_offset(addr)

offset_to_addr(offset)

contains_offset(offset)

is_readable = True

is_writable = True

is_executable = True

vaddr: int

memsize: int

filesize: int

class cle.backends.externs.TOCRelocation(owner: Backend, symbol: Symbol, relative_addr: int)

Bases: Relocation

property value

class cle.backends.externs.ExternObject(loader, map_size=0, tls_size=0)

Bases: Backend

rebase(new_base)

make_extern(name, size=0, alignment=None, thumb=False, sym_type=SymbolType.TYPE_FUNCTION, point_to=None, libname=None) → Symbol

get_pseudo_addr(name) → int

allocate(size=1, alignment=8, thumb=False, tls=False) → int

property max_addr

make_import(name, sym_type)

loader: Loader

symbols: sortedcontainers.SortedKeyList[Symbol]

imports: Dict[str, 'Relocation']

relocs: List[Relocation]

arch: Optional[archinfo.Arch]

exception_handlings: List[ExceptionHandling]

function_hints: List[FunctionHint]

memory: Clemory

class cle.backends.externs.KernelObject(loader, map_size=32768)

Bases: Backend

add_name(name, addr)

property max_addr

loader: Loader

symbols: sortedcontainers.SortedKeyList[Symbol]

imports: Dict[str, 'Relocation']

relocs: List[Relocation]

arch: Optional[archinfo.Arch]

exception_handlings: List[ExceptionHandling]

function_hints: List[FunctionHint]

memory: Clemory

class cle.backends.externs.PointToPrecise(owner: Backend, name: str, relative_addr: int, size: int, sym_type: SymbolType)

Bases: PointTo

Not documenting this since if you try calling it, you’re wrong.

pointto_precise = None

relocations()

class cle.backends.externs.simdata.SimData(owner: Backend, name: str, relative_addr: int, size: int, sym_type: SymbolType)

Bases: Symbol

A SimData class is used to provide data when there is an unresolved data import symbol.

To use it, subclass this class and implement the below attributes and methods.

Variables

name – The name of the symbol to provide
libname – The name of the library from which the symbol originally comes (currently unused).
type – The type of the symbol, usually SymbolType.TYPE_OBJECT.

Use the below register method to register SimData subclasses with CLE.

NOTE: SimData.type hides the Symbol.type instance property

Not documenting this since if you try calling it, you’re wrong.

name: str = NotImplemented

type: SymbolType = NotImplemented

libname: str = NotImplemented

classmethod static_size(owner) → int

Implement me: return the size of the symbol in bytes before it gets constructed

Parameters: owner – The ExternObject owning the symbol-to-be. Useful to get at owner.arch.

value() → bytes: Implement me: the initial value of the bytes in memory for the symbol. Should return a bytestring of the same length as static_size returned. (owner is self.owner now)

relocations() → List[Relocation]: Maybe implement me: If you like, return a list of relocation objects to apply. To create new import symbols, use self.owner.make_extern_import.

cle.backends.externs.simdata.register(simdata_cls: Type[SimData]): Register the given SimData class with CLE so it may be used during loading

cle.backends.externs.simdata.lookup(name: str, libname) → Optional[Type[SimData]]

class cle.backends.externs.simdata.common.StaticData(owner: Backend, name: str, relative_addr: int, size: int, sym_type: SymbolType)

Bases: SimData

A simple SimData utility class to use when you have a SimData which should provide just a static set of bytes. To use, implement the following:

Variables

name – The name of the symbol to provide.
libname – The name of the library from which the symbol originally comes (currently unused).
data – The bytes to provide

Not documenting this since if you try calling it, you’re wrong.

type: SymbolType = 3

data: bytes = NotImplemented

classmethod static_size(owner)

value()

class cle.backends.externs.simdata.common.StaticWord(owner: Backend, name: str, relative_addr: int, size: int, sym_type: SymbolType)

Bases: SimData

A simple SimData utility class to use when you have a SimData which should provide just a static integer. To use, implement the following:

Variables

name – The name of the symbol to provide.
libname – The name of the library from which the symbol originally comes (currently unused).
word – The value to provide
wordsize – (optional) The size of the value in bytes, default the CPU wordsize

Not documenting this since if you try calling it, you’re wrong.

type: SymbolType = 3

word: int = NotImplemented

wordsize: int = None

classmethod static_size(owner)

value()

class cle.backends.externs.simdata.common.PointTo(owner: Backend, name: str, relative_addr: int, size: int, sym_type: SymbolType)

Bases: SimData

A simple SimData utility class to use when you have a SimData which should provide just a pointer to some other symbol. To use, implement the following:

Variables

name – The name of the symbol to provide.
libname – The name of the library from which the symbol originally comes (currently unused).
pointto_name – The name of the symbol to point to
pointto_type – The type of the symbol to point to (usually SymbolType.TYPE_FUNCTION or SymbolType.TYPE_OBJECT)
addend – (optional) an integer to be added to the symbol’s address before storage

Not documenting this since if you try calling it, you’re wrong.

pointto_name: str = NotImplemented

pointto_type: SymbolType = NotImplemented

type: SymbolType = 3

addend: int = 0

classmethod static_size(owner)

value()

relocations()

class cle.backends.externs.simdata.common.SimDataSimpleRelocation(owner, symbol, addr, addend, preresolved=False)

Bases: Relocation

A relocation used to implement PointTo. Pretty simple.

resolve_symbol(solist, **kwargs)

property value

Constant values for lifecycle of Apk.

class cle.backends.java.apk.Apk(apk_path, binary_stream, entry_point=None, entry_point_params=(), android_sdk=None, supported_jni_archs=None, jni_libs=None, jni_libs_ld_path=None, **options)

Bases: Soot

Backend for lifting Apk’s to Soot.

Parameters

apk_path – Path to APK.
android_sdk – Path to Android SDK folder (e.g. “/home/angr/android/platforms”)

The following parameters are optional

Parameters

entry_point – Fully qualified name of method that should be used as the entry point.
supported_jni_archs – List of supported JNI architectures (ABIs) in descending order of preference.
jni_libs – Name(s) of JNI libs to load (if any). If not specified, we try to extract JNI libs from the APK.
jni_libs_ld_path – Path(s) where to find libs defined by param jni_libs. Note: Directory of the APK is added by default.

is_default = True

get_callbacks(class_name: str, callback_names: List[str]) → List[None]

Get callback methods from the name of callback methods.

Parameters

class_name – Name of the class.
callback_names – Name list of the callbacks.

Returns

The method object which is callback.

Return type

list[pysoot.sootir.soot_method.SootMethod]

loader: Loader

symbols: sortedcontainers.SortedKeyList[Symbol]

imports: Dict[str, 'Relocation']

relocs: List[Relocation]

arch: Optional[archinfo.Arch]

exception_handlings: List[ExceptionHandling]

function_hints: List[FunctionHint]

memory: Clemory

static is_compatible(stream)

class cle.backends.java.jar.Jar(jar_path, binary_stream, entry_point=None, entry_point_params=('java.lang.String[]',), jni_libs=None, jni_libs_ld_path=None, **kwargs)

Bases: Soot

Backend for lifting JARs to Soot.

Parameters: jar_path – Path to JAR.

The following parameters are optional

Parameters

entry_point – Fully qualified name of method that should be used as the entry point. If not specified, we try to parse it from the manifest.
additional_jars – Additional JARs.
additional_jar_roots – Additional JAR roots.
jni_libs – Name(s) of JNI libs to load (if any).
jni_libs_ld_path – Path(s) where to find libs defined by param jni_libs. Note: Directory of the JAR is added by default.

is_default = True

static is_compatible(stream)

get_manifest(binary_path=None)

Load the MANIFEST.MF file

Returns: A dict of meta info
Return type: dict

loader: Loader

symbols: sortedcontainers.SortedKeyList[Symbol]

imports: Dict[str, 'Relocation']

relocs: List[Relocation]

arch: Optional[archinfo.Arch]

exception_handlings: List[ExceptionHandling]

function_hints: List[FunctionHint]

memory: Clemory

class cle.backends.java.soot.Soot(*args, entry_point=None, entry_point_params=(), input_format=None, additional_jars=None, additional_jar_roots=None, jni_libs_ld_path=None, jni_libs=None, android_sdk=None, **kwargs)

Bases: Backend

The basis backend for lifting and loading bytecode from JARs and APKs to Soot IR.

Note that self.min_addr will be 0 and self.max_addr will be 1. Hopefully no other object will be mapped at address 0.

property max_addr

property entry

property classes

get_soot_class(cls_name, none_if_missing=False)

Get Soot class object.

Parameters: cls_name (str) – Name of the class.
Returns: The class object.
Return type: pysoot.soot.SootClass

get_soot_method(thing, class_name=None, params=(), none_if_missing=False)

Get Soot method object.

Parameters

thing – Descriptor or the method, or name of the method.
class_name (str) – Name of the class. If not specified, class name can be parsed from method_name.

Returns

Soot method that satisfy the criteria.

property main_methods

Find all Main methods in this binary.

Returns: All main methods in each class.
Return type: iterator

static is_zip_archive(stream)

loader: Loader

symbols: sortedcontainers.SortedKeyList[Symbol]

imports: Dict[str, 'Relocation']

relocs: List[Relocation]

arch: Optional[archinfo.Arch]

exception_handlings: List[ExceptionHandling]

function_hints: List[FunctionHint]

memory: Clemory

class cle.backends.xbe.XBESection(name, file_offset, file_size, virtual_addr, virtual_size, xbe_sec)

Bases: Section

filesize: int

property is_readable: Whether this section has read permissions

property is_writable: Whether this section has write permissions

property is_executable: Whether this section has execute permissions

property only_contains_uninitialized_data: We load every section in, they’re all initialized

vaddr: int

memsize: int

class cle.backends.xbe.XBE(*args, **kwargs)

Bases: Backend

The main loader class for statically loading XBE executables.

is_default = True

close()

static is_compatible(stream)

property min_addr

property max_addr

classmethod check_compatibility(spec, obj)

loader: Loader

symbols: sortedcontainers.SortedKeyList[Symbol]

imports: Dict[str, 'Relocation']

relocs: List[Relocation]

arch: Optional[archinfo.Arch]

exception_handlings: List[ExceptionHandling]

function_hints: List[FunctionHint]

memory: Clemory

class cle.backends.static_archive.StaticArchive(*args, **kwargs)

Bases: Backend

classmethod is_compatible(stream)

is_default = True

arch: Optional[archinfo.Arch]

loader: Loader

symbols: sortedcontainers.SortedKeyList[Symbol]

imports: Dict[str, 'Relocation']

relocs: List[Relocation]

exception_handlings: List[ExceptionHandling]

function_hints: List[FunctionHint]

memory: Clemory

Relocations

CLE’s loader implements program relocation data on a plugin basis. If you would like to add more relocation implementations, do so by subclassing the Relocation class and overriding any relevant methods or properties. Put your subclasses in a module in the relocations subpackage of the appropraite backend package. The name of the subclass will be used to determine when to use it! Look at the existing versions for details.

class cle.backends.relocation.Relocation(owner: Backend, symbol: Symbol, relative_addr: int)

Bases: object

A representation of a relocation in a binary file. Smart enough to relocate itself.

Variables

owner – The binary this relocation was originaly found in, as a cle object
symbol – The Symbol object this relocation refers to
relative_addr – The address in owner this relocation would like to write to
resolvedby – If the symbol this relocation refers to is an import symbol and that import has been resolved, this attribute holds the symbol from a different binary that was used to resolve the import.
resolved – Whether the application of this relocation was successful

AUTO_HANDLE_NONE = False

resolve_symbol(solist: List[Any], thumb=False, extern_object=None, **kwargs)

resolve(obj, **kwargs)

property rebased_addr: The address in the global memory space this relocation would like to write to

property linked_addr

property dest_addr

property value

relocate()

Applies this relocation. Will make changes to the memory object of the object it came from.

This implementation is a generic version that can be overridden in subclasses.

property owner_obj

cle.backends.elf.relocation.load_relocations()

cle.backends.elf.relocation.get_relocation(arch, r_type)

class cle.backends.elf.relocation.elfreloc.ELFReloc(owner, symbol, relative_addr, addend=None)

Bases: Relocation

property addend

resolvedby: Optional[Symbol]

resolved: bool

property value

class cle.backends.elf.relocation.mips64.R_MIPS_64(owner, symbol, relative_addr, addend=None)

Bases: GenericAbsoluteAddendReloc

resolvedby: Optional[Symbol]

resolved: bool

class cle.backends.elf.relocation.mips64.R_MIPS_REL32(owner, symbol, relative_addr, addend=None)

Bases: GenericRelativeReloc

resolvedby: Optional[Symbol]

resolved: bool

class cle.backends.elf.relocation.mips64.R_MIPS_COPY(owner, symbol, relative_addr, addend=None)

Bases: GenericCopyReloc

resolvedby: Optional[Symbol]

resolved: bool

class cle.backends.elf.relocation.mips64.R_MIPS_TLS_DTPMOD64(owner, symbol, relative_addr, addend=None)

Bases: GenericTLSModIdReloc

resolvedby: Optional[Symbol]

resolved: bool

class cle.backends.elf.relocation.mips64.R_MIPS_TLS_DTPREL64(owner, symbol, relative_addr, addend=None)

Bases: GenericTLSDoffsetReloc

resolvedby: Optional[Symbol]

resolved: bool

class cle.backends.elf.relocation.mips64.R_MIPS_TLS_TPREL64(owner, symbol, relative_addr, addend=None)

Bases: GenericTLSOffsetReloc

resolvedby: Optional[Symbol]

resolved: bool

class cle.backends.elf.relocation.generic.GenericTLSDoffsetReloc(owner, symbol, relative_addr, addend=None)

Bases: ELFReloc

property value

resolve_symbol(solist, **kwargs)

resolvedby: Optional[Symbol]

resolved: bool

class cle.backends.elf.relocation.generic.GenericTLSOffsetReloc(owner, symbol, relative_addr, addend=None)

Bases: ELFReloc

AUTO_HANDLE_NONE = True

relocate()

resolvedby: Optional[Symbol]

resolved: bool

class cle.backends.elf.relocation.generic.GenericTLSDescriptorReloc(owner, symbol, relative_addr, addend=None)

Bases: ELFReloc

RESOLVER_ADDR = NotImplemented

AUTO_HANDLE_NONE = True

relocate()

resolvedby: Optional[Symbol]

resolved: bool

class cle.backends.elf.relocation.generic.GenericTLSModIdReloc(owner, symbol, relative_addr, addend=None)

Bases: ELFReloc

AUTO_HANDLE_NONE = True

relocate()

resolvedby: Optional[Symbol]

resolved: bool

class cle.backends.elf.relocation.generic.GenericIRelativeReloc(owner, symbol, relative_addr, addend=None)

Bases: ELFReloc

AUTO_HANDLE_NONE = True

relocate()

resolvedby: Optional[Symbol]

resolved: bool

class cle.backends.elf.relocation.generic.GenericAbsoluteAddendReloc(owner, symbol, relative_addr, addend=None)

Bases: ELFReloc

property value

resolvedby: Optional[Symbol]

resolved: bool

class cle.backends.elf.relocation.generic.GenericPCRelativeAddendReloc(owner, symbol, relative_addr, addend=None)

Bases: ELFReloc

property value

resolvedby: Optional[Symbol]

resolved: bool

class cle.backends.elf.relocation.generic.GenericJumpslotReloc(owner, symbol, relative_addr, addend=None)

Bases: ELFReloc

property value

resolvedby: Optional[Symbol]

resolved: bool

class cle.backends.elf.relocation.generic.GenericRelativeReloc(owner, symbol, relative_addr, addend=None)

Bases: ELFReloc

AUTO_HANDLE_NONE = True

property value

resolvedby: Optional[Symbol]

resolved: bool

class cle.backends.elf.relocation.generic.GenericAbsoluteReloc(owner, symbol, relative_addr, addend=None)

Bases: ELFReloc

property value

resolvedby: Optional[Symbol]

resolved: bool

class cle.backends.elf.relocation.generic.GenericCopyReloc(owner, symbol, relative_addr, addend=None)

Bases: ELFReloc

resolve_symbol(solist, **kwargs)

relocate()

resolvedby: Optional[Symbol]

resolved: bool

class cle.backends.elf.relocation.generic.MipsGlobalReloc(owner, symbol, relative_addr, addend=None)

Bases: GenericAbsoluteReloc

resolvedby: Optional[Symbol]

resolved: bool

class cle.backends.elf.relocation.generic.MipsLocalReloc(owner, symbol, relative_addr, addend=None)

Bases: ELFReloc

AUTO_HANDLE_NONE = True

resolve_symbol(solist, **kwargs)

relocate()

resolvedby: Optional[Symbol]

resolved: bool

class cle.backends.elf.relocation.generic.RelocTruncate32Mixin

Bases: object

A mix-in class for relocations that cover a 32-bit field regardless of the architecture’s address word length.

check_zero_extend = False

check_sign_extend = False

relocate()

class cle.backends.elf.relocation.generic.RelocGOTMixin

Bases: object

A mix-in class which will cause the symbol to be resolved to a pointer to the symbol instead of the symbol

resolve(symbol, extern_object=None, **kwargs)

class cle.backends.elf.relocation.ppc.R_PPC_ADDR32(owner, symbol, relative_addr, addend=None)

Bases: GenericAbsoluteAddendReloc

resolvedby: Optional[Symbol]

resolved: bool

class cle.backends.elf.relocation.ppc.R_PPC_ADDR24(owner, symbol, relative_addr, addend=None)

Bases: ELFReloc

Relocation Type: 0x2 Calculation: (S + A) >> 2 Field: low24*

property value

resolvedby: Optional[Symbol]

resolved: bool

class cle.backends.elf.relocation.ppc.R_PPC_ADDR16(owner, symbol, relative_addr, addend=

cle — Binary Loader

Loading Interface

Backends

Relocations

`cle` — Binary Loader